Mass of Particals

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=70243

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/part-flash.html

https://www.fas37.org/wp/the-standard-model/

https://wwwcompass.cern.ch/compass/wwwsmc/target/fundamentalparticles.html

https://molwick.com/en/matter/070-elementary-particle.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06073

BOSONS

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236628225_Bosons_in_the_Zoo_of_Elementary_Particles

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson

Fundamental Interactions

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://www.accessscience.com/content/article/a275600

https://digestiblenotes.com/physics/fundamental_particles/particle_classification.php

https://www.pw.live/exams/csir-net/classification-of-elementary-particles/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zsnssbk/revision/2

https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/standard-model-of-particle-physics-83170624/83170624

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301614262_The_Justification_of_a_realistic_Picture_of_Particles_and_Atomic_Nuclei

https://www.studocu.com/in/document/mahatma-gandhi-university/physics/elementary-particles/29579633

Fermions

In the weak interaction, fermions can exchange three types of force carriers, namely W⁺, W⁻, and Z bosons. 

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.

The root mean square charge radius of a proton is about 0.84–0.87 fm (1 fm = 10⁻¹⁵ m).^[12][13] In 2019, two different studies, using different techniques, found this radius to be 0.833 fm, with an uncertainty of ±0.010 fm.^[14][15]

^{http://230nsc1.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/spinc.html#c2}

Fermions are a class of particles that are characterized by their half-integer spin values, and are typically associated with matter. The Standard Model of particle physics recognizes two types of elementary fermions: *quarks* and *leptons*

• Quarks

  The fundamental building blocks ofprotons and neutrons, there are six types of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Quarks have a color charge and interact with the strong force. 

• Leptons        
• There are six types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tauon, and tauon neutrino. Leptons do not have a color charge. 
  

Fermions are governed by the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state at the same time. This exclusivity is responsible for the structure of matter.

Fermions are particles or quantum fields that follow Fermi-Dirac statistics, also known as the Pauli exclusion principle. Some characteristics of fermions include:

Mass: Fermions have mass.

Spin: Fermions have a spin that is always a multiple of half-integers, such as 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, and so on.

Pauli exclusion principle: Fermions follow the Pauli exclusion principle, which means that only one fermion can occupy a particular space at a given time. 

 

In the standard model of particle physics, fermions are the matter constituents of the observable universe. Examples of fermions include:

protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos, quarks, muons, lambda particles, tritium, helium-3, and uranium-233.