17 Jul 2024

Quantum Field


Limitations of science: 

Quantum Field Theory

Elementary particles are Indistinguishable

In fact an important result from quantum field theory is that every electron is the same, different electrons can not be distinguished from each other. 

If the electron has interactions between other electrons, after scattering, it is impossible to distinguish which was the original electron — all combinations have to be included and probability calculated.

The vacuum has complicated structure, where particles are constantly created and annihilated

It is impossible to define precise position or momentum of any particle in quantum field theory. 

A hundred of possible processes that can occur by interactions of particles and antiparticles (electrons and positrons) and photons, out of infinite number of possible combinations



3) Quantum field theories Topics 265 P





But no, quantum fields do not interact with matter. Quantum fields are matter. In a quantum field theory, what we perceive as particles are excitations of the quantum field itself.

The simplest “practical” quantum field theory is quantum electromagnetism. In it, two fields exist: the electromagnetic field and the “electron field”. 

These two fields continuously interact with each other, energy and momentum are transferred, and excitations are created or destroyed

So for instance, what we picture intuitively as an electron absorbing a photon is, in quantum electrodynamics, 

a specific interaction between the electromagnetic field and the electron field, 

in which the electromagnetic field loses one excitation quantum, 

and the electron field gains its energy, momentum and angular momentum.

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1) Relationship between mathematics and physics

2) Philosophical physics

3) List of unsolved problems in physics


📝 Mathematical physics 📝

The Journal of Mathematical Physics


📋 Theoretical physics 📋




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elements of any field.( Mathematics )

tensor fields or a tensor field is a generalization of a scalar field or vector field that assigns,

● vectors, and scalars


Euclidean vector

vector space


Theory of relativity

1) Principle of relativity

2) Relativity priority dispute

3) Criticism of the theory of relativity



Einstein's thought Experiment





As a result, relativity requires the use of concepts such as vectorstensorspseudotensors 

(an object's length and the rate at which time passes both change appreciably as the object's speed approaches the speed of light, meaning that more variables and more complicated mathematics are required to calculate the object's motion.)




6) 

















Gravitational field ( Gravity )


Gravitational well ( sphere of influence (SOI) )



















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