National Centers for Environmental Information
Climate Monitoring
GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4)
Forcings in GISS Climate Models
NCEI hosts and operates World Data Centers and Services for Geophysics, Meteorology, Oceanography, and Paleoclimatology in accordance with WDS principles. Each center and service acquires, catalogs, and archives a discipline specific collection of datasets, and develops products and applications designed to meet the information needs of resource managers, policy makers, researchers, educators, and the general public around the world.
SUN
http://solarcyclescience.com/basics.html
https://helioviewer.org/
https://www.sidc.be/
To see what the Sun is doing today, please visit the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center or the Lockheed Latest Solar Events. Other real time solar monitoring websites can be accessed from the International Space Environment Service website.
EARTH MONITOR
SESMIC
https://ds.iris.edu/seismon/index.phtml
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/
SEA BED
The Ocean Basemap includes marine water
The Ocean Basemap serves as the foundation for several of the map viewers, such as the Bathymetry Data Viewer, used by NGDC to aid in the discovery of and access to ocean mapping and natural hazards data.
https://noaa.hub.arcgis.com/maps/49908f2749c74831ab4845a5cea8a90d/explore?location=0.000000%2C0.000000%2C0.70
https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=browser
Tides & Currents Products
VOLCANO & CHEMICAL
DATA ACCESS
https://decade.earthchem.org/
https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/OrbitsCatalog
https://sunclimate.gsfc.nasa.gov/
The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
American Geophysical Union
https://eos.org/
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has found more than 100 million galaxies so far.
https://voyages.sdss.org/launch/milky-way/
https://voyages.sdss.org/launch/milky-way/types-of-stars/spectra-of-stars/
https://archive.stsci.edu/spec_class/spec_class_tables.html#PPPP
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/tabular_info.html ( important formulas )
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/index.html
https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/Documents/Overview ( go deep with links )
Local groups
https://spider.seds.org/spider/LG/Add/lg_NED.html
High Energy Missions
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/W3Browse/w3browse.pl ( CRUCIAL )
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/alphabet.html
https://skyserver.sdss.org/dr18/VisualTools/navi
https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/
https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR