https://www.atomicnumber.net/list-of-elements-by-melting-point
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/elements-periodic-table-atomic-weight-melting-boiling-points-density-electronegativity-electron-affinity-configuration-d_999.html
Periods
- Horizontal rows of the periodic table of elements are the periods.
- There are seven such periods in the table, each numbered from 1 to 7.
- All the elements in the period have the same number of shells. The number of electrons in this last shell increase by one across any given period
- The first period is the shortest having only two elements, namely Hydrogen and Helium. The next two rows or periods, that is the second and the third, are known as short periods. They both contain eight elements each. The next two periods have 18 elements each. And finally, the last (sixth) period is the very long period and has 32 elements.
A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells.
Arranged this way, elements in the same group (column) have similar chemical and physical properties, reflecting the periodic law.
Groups
- The vertical columns of the periodic chart are what we call Groups.
- There are 18 groups in the periodic table.
- Elements belonging to a particular group make a family and are generally named after the first element in that particular group.
- If you notice the electronic configuration of all elements in one group you will see they all have the same number of valence electrons. Take Chlorine and Fluorine for example. Both belong to group 17 and both have seven valence electrons.
- As you go down the group the valence electrons remain same but the number of shell increase.
- On the extreme left of the table is Group 1 which consists of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr). They are highly reactive metals that form strong alkaline hydroxides.
- The last group is occupied by noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn). These are highly nonreactive. The eighteenth group they occupy is also called Group 0.
a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. In a group, the chemical elements have atoms with
identical valence electron counts and
identical valence vacancy counts.
This similarity in both the composition and structure of their
atomic valence shells implies a corresponding similarity in both their chemical and physical properties.
Groups are numbered from 1 to 18. From left to right in the periodic table,
there are two groups (1 and 2) of elements in the s-block, or hydrogen block, of the periodic table;
ten groups (3 through 12) in the d-block, or transition block; and
six groups (13 through 18) in the p-block, or main block.
The elements in the f-block, or inner-transition block, the lanthanoids and actinoids, are not given group numbers.
Inner Transition Elements
- These are Lanthanides and Actinides.
- Lanthanides are rare earth metals. They are fifteen in number and found deep in the earth’s crust.
- These elements are placed below the periodic table of elements and are called the 4f series.
- Actinides are all radioactive elements. Some of them are not found in nature but are man-made
- These actinides are also placed below the table in a row after lanthanides.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366962442_Pushing_the_Limits_of_the_Periodic_Table_--_A_Review_on_Atomic_Relativistic_Electronic_Structure_Theory_and_Calculations_for_the_Superheavy_Elements